He is also responsible for coining the word 'seismology.' įrom 1857, Robert Mallet laid the foundation of modern instrumental seismology and carried out seismological experiments using explosives. The designs provided did not prove effective, according to Milne's reports. This seismometer was an inverted pendulum, which recorded the measurements of seismic activity through the use of a pencil placed on paper above the pendulum. The outcome of this was the production of one of the first modern seismometers by James David Forbes, first presented in a report by David Milne-Home in 1842. In response to a series of earthquakes near Comrie in Scotland in 1839, a committee was formed in the United Kingdom in order to produce better detection methods for earthquakes. Michell determined that earthquakes originate within the Earth and were waves of movement caused by 'shifting masses of rock miles below the surface.' The earliest responses include work by John Bevis (1757) and John Michell (1761). The Lisbon earthquake of 1755, coinciding with the general flowering of science in Europe, set in motion intensified scientific attempts to understand the behaviour and causation of earthquakes. Martin Lister (1638 to 1712) and Nicolas Lemery (1645 to 1715) proposed that earthquakes were caused by chemical explosions within the earth. In the 17th century, Athanasius Kircher argued that earthquakes were caused by the movement of fire within a system of channels inside the Earth. In 132 CE, Zhang Heng of China's Han dynasty designed the first known seismoscope. Early speculations on the natural causes of earthquakes were included in the writings of Thales of Miletus (c. Scholarly interest in earthquakes can be traced back to antiquity.

A seismologist is a scientist who does research in seismology.

A recording of Earth motion as a function of time is called a seismogram.

A related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes is paleoseismology. It also includes studies of earthquake environmental effects such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, glacial, fluvial, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes such as explosions. Seismology ( / s aɪ z ˈ m ɒ l ə dʒ i, s aɪ s-/ from Ancient Greek σεισμός ( seismós) meaning ' earthquake' and -λογία ( -logía) meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or other planetary bodies.

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